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class="size"> <span id="ddvpr3yjlwe" class="fs14">字体</span> <a class="size3 size_min"><i class="iconfont nky-article_size1 fs14"></i>小</a> <a class="size2 size_mid"><i class="iconfont nky-article_size2 fs14"></i>中</a> <a class="size1 size_max"><i class="iconfont nky-article_size3 fs14"></i>大</a> </div> </div> <div id="ddvpr3yjlwe" class="article fs16 lh28"> <p>　　“霜降到立冬，种麦莫放松”，这是一句古老的中国农谚。数百年来，中原大地的农民每年都会在霜降时节为冬小麦的播种而忙碌。而今年，年中的特大暴雨加上9、10月的连续降雨使河南新乡部分农田受到重创，为秋收秋种带来了罕见的困难。</p> <p>　　按照部院党组的统一部署，从7月开始，中国农业科学院<a target="_blank">农田灌溉研究所</a>牵头的专家组通过田间课堂、线上指导等方式助力“中原粮仓”救灾复产。10月，到了“三秋”农作的紧要关头，<a target="_blank">灌溉所</a>牵头,<a target="_blank">棉花所</a>、<a target="_blank">作科所</a>、<a target="_blank">油料所</a>、<a target="_blank">信息所</a>、资源区划所、农机化所等6所的15位专家不顾风雨背起行囊，一头扎进了受灾农田，连日在一线进行各类技术指导，助力受灾县市科学开展“耕种管收”，尽一切可能降低灾害损失，尽最大努力指导秋粮收获、夏粮播种。</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>　　降低损失颗粒归仓</strong></p> <p>　　在河南受灾最严重的地区之一新乡，部分农田秋粮减产、品相不佳、作物绝收，一个个问题摆在眼前，愁坏了当地的农民。</p> <p>　　10月初的一天，新乡获嘉县农业农村局会议室中关于“抢收、抢种”的交谈声持续到深夜。专家组在调研完当地整体情况后，与当地农技人员、种粮大户协同开展研讨，“连片农田的排水策略、履带式玉米收割机的漏籽问题、玉米籽粒湿度大的烘干方式……”。随着研讨的不断深入，参会人员紧皱的眉头渐渐舒展，一件件棘手的麻烦事儿也终于有了解决方案。</p> <p>　　一场场大雨使一位种粮大户的庄稼产量和品质严重受损，年初从<a target="_blank">灌溉所</a>引进的水肥一体化设备也泡在田里不能使用。得知这一情况后，专家组成员王广帅随即联系<a target="_blank">灌溉所</a>技术人员拆卸灌溉设备，并到田间指导使用滴灌带自动收卷设备?？醋派璞赣刑醪晃傻牟鹦?，滴灌带在马达的轰鸣声中整齐收卷，这位种粮大户紧皱的眉头舒展了，拍着大腿说：“感谢中国农科院专家挽回俺的损失，明年水肥一体化技术我还上，咱不怕老天爷的大风大雨，农业科技是咱种地的定心丸呀?！?/p> <p>　　在实地调研新乡长垣农资供应、种子包衣的问题时，一位农妇急切地问道，“专家们能不能帮我解决一下辣椒种植的问题？”说起辣椒种植，在场的几位都不擅长，但专家组成员鄂悦说：“您家辣椒出现了什么问题，带我们去看一看吧?！弊易槿迩巴苯吩安榭聪昵?，由于土地湿度大,机收困难，只见几十亩成熟的辣椒好些烂在了地头，愁坏了去年刚转行种辣椒的两口子。专家们看在眼里，急在心里，现场联系辣椒种植专家，连夜将意见、方案整理成册第一时间交给了农户，“受灾农民不容易，蔬菜作物虽不是这次“双抢”的重点，但只要是服务农业，咱们就得干?！?/p> <p style="text-align: center;">　　<img onclick="window.open('/publish/zgnykxywz/images/content/2021-11/20211129114059173114_1.jpg')" src="../../images/content/2021-11/5e7fcb1c58ac41ef825b449d9e7d60c0.jpg" style="height:402px; width:550px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>　　排水挖渠能早尽早</strong></p> <p>　　在河南濮阳，濮阳县、范县、台前3县部分农田积水严重，大型轮式农用机械无法进地收获、耕作，冬小麦无法播种。农田排水散墒整地成为横亘在“三秋”农作上的最大拦路虎，必须尽快解决。专家组不辞辛劳，接连走访调研并开展讨论，形成了各类地块、不同情况分门别类的技术指导意见，迅速地发到了当地农户手中。“积水比较严重的田块，首先要采取更加有力度的排水措施，清除田间积水，为冬小麦下一步的播种创造有利的土壤条件。后期施肥的时候要注意施肥量要比往年多一点，以肥补晚，以密补晚，另外种子要包衣拌种，防止烂子的发生，保证出苗率。”专家组成员王晓森不厌其烦的为农民反复讲解技术要点。</p> <p>　　凛冽的寒风吹不散专家组的热情，为了指导当地农民使用小型手推式挖沟机、草坪修剪机、微耕机等小型机具抢收抢种，专家们站在地头解答排灌设备、农机具维护等各种问题，并亲自帮助调试运行不畅的农机具，一工作就是一整天，“一定要做到成熟一块、整地一块、播种一块，力争能早尽早、应种尽种，确保稳定麦播面积?！?/p> <p style="text-align: center;">　　<img onclick="window.open('/publish/zgnykxywz/images/content/2021-11/20211129114113213249_1.jpg')" src="../../images/content/2021-11/04ae175408e24e539b476c6853c65899.jpg" style="height:407px; width:550px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;">　　<strong>种子落地 “管”字上马</strong></p> <p>　　遇有洪涝灾害的年份本来抢收秋粮就不易，力保来年小麦收获更是难题。受阴雨天影响，今年开封秋收冬种普遍推迟，特别是10月上中旬持续的降雨天气，土壤含水量加大，给秋收冬种工作带来严峻挑战。</p> <p>　　开封市祥符区杜良乡是沿黄稻麦两熟区，当地农民往年总在10月初稻田最后一次灌水落干过程中人工在水稻行间撒播小麦，保障小麦在高湿条件下萌发出苗，3至4叶期时机械收获水稻。今年因连续阴雨寡照，水稻晚熟10天左右，且因田间积水推迟了冬麦撒播。专家组与当地农技部门与农户共同探索了水稻田无人机飞播小麦的播种方式，极大减少了人工下地，节约了农时和人工。</p> <p>　　“麦播是夏粮生产的头一仗，今年小麦播种晚、播期拉长、苗情类型复杂，麦田管理要精心更精心，力争壮苗越冬?！弊易槌稍狈虢ㄖ薪樯芩?，“关键是指导农民科学落实‘四补一促’技术措施，只有麦苗茁壮，明年高产才有希望。”专家组指导农户根据土壤墒情因地因时分类施策，采用小麦抗湿应变播种技术，并扩大适播期播种面积，实现应播尽播，确保播种质量。</p> <p>　　“一个多月来，专家组实地调研农田积水、作物受灾等情况，协助制定各地小麦、玉米等作物收获、播种的技术方案，足迹遍布6市19县（区）的受灾农田，开展了数十场田间课堂和现场研讨，制定了数十份因地制宜的农作方案?！?a target="_blank">灌溉所</a>党委书记陆建中说，“用精良的技术挽回灾害带来的损失，确?！性覆帧甘撤崾铡⑴┟窀辉?，是我们作为国家战略科技力量的使命和责任！”</p> <p style="text-align: center;">　　<img onclick="window.open('/publish/zgnykxywz/images/content/2021-11/20211129114126162374_1.jpg')" src="../../images/content/2021-11/06783c79c5304a579972564cd006e321.jpg" style="height:310px; width:550px" /></p> </div>  <div id="ddvpr3yjlwe" class="article_bottom_btns"> <div id="ddvpr3yjlwe" class="article_btn print fs12 pr" onclick="javascript:window.print()"><i class="iconfont nky-article_print fs24 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